Gurpurb, also known as Gurpurab, is a term used in Sikhism to refer to the celebration of the birth, gurgaddi diwas, martyrdom or demise day of Sikh Guru. The word "Gurpurb" is a combination of two words: "Gur" meaning Guru, and "purb" meaning day or occasion. Gurpurbs hold great significance in Sikh religious and cultural observances, and they are marked with special ceremonies, prayers, and community gatherings.
The most important Gurpurbs celebrated by Sikhs include the birthdays of the ten Sikh Gurus, starting with Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, and culminating with Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Guru. These Gurpurbs are observed with great reverence and enthusiasm by Sikhs worldwide.
During Gurpurbs, Sikhs engage in various activities to commemorate the life and teachings of the respective Guru being honored. The celebrations typically begin with early morning processions known as Nagar Kirtans, where devotees gather and sing devotional hymns while carrying the Sikh holy scripture, Guru Granth Sahib, in a beautifully adorned palanquin. Nagar Kirtans often involve colorful displays, music, and floats, showcasing the Sikh faith and promoting community unity.
Gurdwaras, the Sikh places of worship, play a central role in Gurpurb celebrations. Special diwan (religious congregations) are held, where the teachings of the Guru and passages from the Guru Granth Sahib are recited. Kirtan (devotional singing) and Katha (exposition of scripture) are performed, followed by Ardas (prayer) and the distribution of karah prasad (sacred sweet pudding) as a form of blessed offering.
Additionally, Sikh community kitchens known as langars are organized during Gurpurbs and offer free meals to all attendees, regardless of their caste, creed, or social status. This practice of langar exemplifies the Sikh principle of equality and service to humanity.
Gurpurbs serve as important occasions for Sikhs to reflect on the teachings and contributions of the Gurus and to strengthen their connection with their faith and community. They provide opportunities for Sikhs to come together, share in the joyous celebrations, and deepen their understanding of Sikh philosophy and values.
It is important to note that the dates of Gurpurbs follow the Nanakshahi calendar, a solar calendar introduced in 2003 to standardize the celebration dates across the Sikh community. However, the dates of Gurpurbs may vary slightly due to the lunar-based Bikrami calendar traditionally used in Punjab.
Overall, Gurpurbs hold immense significance in Sikhism, as they commemorate the lives and legacies of the Sikh Gurus. These occasions foster unity, devotion, and spiritual growth among Sikhs while promoting the principles of equality, service, and love for all.
